After supporting embryonic stem cell research generally, Mr. Romney took a more specific stand against creating embryos for scientific experimentation.
When scientific experimentation becomes private, credibility hinges on more abstract criteria: academic affiliation, consensus among other scientists, openness about methodology.
For our purposes, the unit of scientific experimentation is the published article, which, more often than not, comprises a series of experiments that together make a coherent story.
A: When it's one of Carol Roullard's stunning micro-crystal formations, which look more like stained glass windows than the results of extensive scientific experimentation.
"In the 1930s, after a half-century of massive scientific experimentation, all to make the cotton boll more pickable, the great-grandchildren of the enslaved often picked only 100 to 120 pounds per day".
For example, here is an example that relies on mind-reading: "Mary Shelley intended Frankenstein's monster to be more likable than Frankenstein because she wanted people to think about the problems of unlimited scientific experimentation".
The question of vivisection, or scientific experimentation, raises further complexities.
There was no scientific experimentation on apes in New Zealand.
Jimmy's friend Crake, who harbours dreams of scientific experimentation that finally take the whole world as a laboratory, should be a crux of the novel, but he is never more than a vehicle for the plot.
