The characterization of this tissue-mimicking material will provide reference data for designing phantoms for preclinical systems, which may, in certain applications such as flow phantoms, require a physically more robust tissue-mimicking material than is currently available.
Arguably, more robust tissue-specific changes in gene expression occur during early development, particularly during early CNS (stages 16 19) and cardiovascular organogenesis (stages 16 25).
In all cases, actin amplifications were more robust for tissue templates, reflecting higher template quantities in the parallel control reactions.
"Bigger animals need more robust supportive tissues in order to support their weight," says John Hutchinson, lecturer and researcher at the Royal Veterinary College, University of London.
Endoscopic full-thickness tissue apposition devices, such as endoscopic suturing systems, have been developed in an effort to achieve more robust and durable tissue approximation equivalent to that provided by surgical stitching.
Cytokine protein concentrations are, therefore, likely to be a more robust measure of tissue cytokine activity than mRNA levels.
However, RT PCR technology, more sensitive to RNA quality, is more robust if frozen tissues are used.
This could lead to stronger, more durable bulletproof vests and armor and more robust cellular scaffolding for tissue repair.
Further development of efficient gene transfer techniques and keeping transplanted stem cells healthy have the potential to make biologic therapies more robust in promoting angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, and resolution of CLI symptoms.
Eventually, simple models need to be translated to more robust ones where cells, tissues, and entire organisms are incorporated.
