More-robust Phase 2 programs with better understanding of the molecule might contribute to improving the success rate in Phase 3. The attrition rate for AD treatment is high, with 72% of agents failing in Phase 1, 92% failing in Phase 2, and 98% failing in Phase 3 in the period observed.
This trend toward smaller void sizes suggests an increase in emulsion stability with higher PFPA incorporation, which is likely the result of the higher organic content helping to form wider and more robust continuous phase films around the internal phase droplets.
This also makes the system more robust since phases can change fast during deep fades and thus cause problems to the adaptive algorithm [39, 40].
Accordingly, research has focused on more robust solid-phase ion-exchange systems.
Actually, the MFxLMS algorithm is more robust since fast phase changes do not affect its performance.
Restarted GMRES is better, more robust, in this phase, but restarting may lead to very slow convergence.
As indicated above, sexually dimorphic gene expression is much more robust in the adult phase of life than during the prepubescent phase due to circulating sex hormones.
Thus, the AW-XWVD is more robust to noise for phase estimation compared to the S-transform.
In addition, the BP of the LVF method is more symmetrical and its shape is closer to the ideal BP, which means that the LVF method is more robust to gain and phase errors than the CSB method.
Co-cultures of hepatocytes and RLEC exhibit a more robust response of acute phase response genes to treatment with inflammatory cytokines than hepatocytes alone (Peters et al., 2010).
A more rigorous and scientifically robust phase IV within the drug development system [ 1] is important both for the continuous appraisal of the benefit-risk profile of a drug and for the evaluation of the drug's economic value (for reimbursement purposes, for example).
