Much less attention has been paid to the idea of cell compartment-specific or "localized" redox signaling, which may have quite distinct and more restricted effects.
However, we have highlighted several areas where aspects of global ENS development (cell motility, colonization, cell death, and gene-environment interactions) and processes with more restricted effects (neuronal fate decisions, axon pathfinding, and postnatal ENS stem cells) remain unexplained.
Similarly, while in general, pleiotropic mutations are thought to contribute less to morphological change than mutations with more restricted effects (Stern and Orgogozo 2008; Wagner and Zhang 2011; Nunes et al. 2013), it has been argued that high pleiotropy may not always limit evolution (Wang et al. 2010; Hill and Zhang 2012; Zhang 2012).
The direction of effect was reversed for the more restricted outcome measure 'intrapartum related mortality and morbidity' (RR adjusted for parity 1.92, 95% CI 0.97 3.80).
This may also explain why performance is altered in the dual task condition, thereby masking the behavioral effect of more restricted frontopolar lesions.
In our experimental system, we have found no synergy between soluble LMP1 and galectin 9. Our data are consistent with the idea that LMP1 has a broad anergic effect on various T-cell populations whereas galectin 9 can induce inhibitory effects on more restricted populations.
Thus, it is not known whether a more restricted diet might have a profound effect on breast cancer incidence.
This study shows that an early administration of TPN and a more restricted fluid intake had a very limited effect on serum electrolytes in very preterm infants in the first three days after birth.
Without a more restricted pattern of gene expression, the deleterious effects of these neomorphic c-Myb and A-Myb proteins would almost certainly have led to extinction without rapid pseudogenization and/or gene loss.
LPA1 is broadly expressed in various normal tissues, whereas expression levels of LPA2 and LPA3 are more restricted, which may account for the various biological effects of LPA [ 13, 14].
The more restricted range for beta aimed to exclude reciprocal effects from higher amplitude alpha activity, whereby the generally larger changes in the alpha band might have obscured changes in the beta band.
