On the other hand, the quail appears to be relatively more resistant than the chicken to many viral diseases [ 41].
The two broiler lines used in this study have been evaluated in Salmonella, Enterococcus and C. jejuni challenge studies [7], [25], [26], [27] and in all instances chickens from line A were more resistant than line B chickens.
Selection and breeding of chickens more resistant to Salmonella carrier state, i.e. able to rapidly clear Salmonella, could reduce the spread of these bacteria in poultry stocks and hence improve food safety.
The promoter area was selected to be more resistant to methylation (the chicken β actin promoter) and in contrast to serum levels, low expression of hVEGF-A165 was present in many tissues even after 18 months as analyzed with ELISA ( Table 1) and RT-PCR (Figure 3D).
Chicken gut microbiota is understood to be one of the most important components of the host's resistance to Salmonella infection as older chickens are more resistant to Salmonella infection than the younger ones [ 26, 27] and the protective effect of preparations containing gut microbiota from healthy hens has been described [ 28- 31].
Given that line A chickens are more resistant to SE than line B, it is possible that the enhanced SE-resistance is associated with a different host response in terms of both a higher number of up-regulated immune-related genes accompanied by fewer down-regulated genes.
Chickens are much more resistant than mammals to LPS-induced septic shock [ 4] and respond to LPS with the induction of IL1B, IL6, and IL18 mRNA [ 5].
Especially, doses of the virus lethal to chickens or geese, and the natural routes of infection (inhalation, ingestion, conjunctiva, etc)., perhaps do not cause illness and death in ducks because ducks are more resistant to NDV infection compared to chickens and geese.
Genetic management strategies might facilitate the propagation of resistance by breeding from resistant chickens.
Schmidt, whose research is funded by the US Department of Agriculture, is trying to build a better naked-neck chicken, a breed that's ugly but more resistant to heat.
