Robust modelling of curvilinear change requires larger samples or more repeated measures.
In this sample, 194 men (44.3%) had two or more repeated measures, resulting in 636 observations for analysis.
Several improvements, in addition to a larger sample and more repeated measures, would have increased confidence in the results of our study.
The WHI-CT had more repeated measures available, but we were only able to utilize three time points (baseline, year 1, year 3) due to high levels of missing data at later time points.
Forty-two of these progressor patients had 3 or more repeated GFR measures (median 5; range 3 10) and were followed-up for a median of 60 months (range: 6 117).
In Experiment 1 we studied FB- and PA-based learning in PD patients and controls and, as an improvement on previous methods, used a more powerful repeated measures design and more equivalent test phases during FB and PA conditions (including altering the FB condition to remove time limits on responding).
More specifically, repeated measures MANOVA [Wilks Lambda F(11,30) = 4.3, p < 0.001] indicated significant decreases for measures of immediate recognition memory (p < 0.005), long-term storage (p < 0.05), delayed prose passage recall (p < 0.0001), percent retained of prose passages (p < 0.0001), and percent retained of visual designs (p < 0.0001).
Given the complexity of estimating power for HLM models, these calculations are based upon a more simple repeated measures ANOVA model [ 59], with an attrition rate (i.e., not followed after baseline assessment) estimated to be 15%.
As spending on maternity services was available for each year included, we examined the year on year effect of changes in spending on infant and perinatal mortality rates by fitting a more complex repeated measures analysis including a within-PCT spending term by year.
For any given sample, if more than one-third of the repeat measures was < LLOQ (e.g., 4 of 11), then the sample was not considered a true positive sample and was excluded from this statistical analysis.
