However, the Fried's scale is not the oldest measure in the field and several more recent frailty instruments are either derived or similar to that measure, suggesting that qualities other than duration of availability explain the popularity of this instrument.
Fortunately, more recent risk assessment instruments move beyond a Trauma Orientation to include positive or protective factors (Rains and McLinn 2013).
In an effort to tackle reverse causality without compromising the correct policy variable, this paper follows this more recent approach, using as instruments the lagged values of the policy variables.
The SNOE observations are compared to more recent observations by the TIMED SEE instrument which uses the same technique at similar levels of solar activity and are found to be larger by a factor nearing two.
The early studies reported here used ad hoc instruments, while more recent studies used well-validated cancer-specific quality of life questionnaires.
In addition, a more recent version of the LTC assessment instrument, the interRAI Long Term Care Facility (LTCF), and an adaption of the RAI-MDS 2.0, the MDS 3.0, have been released.
In more recent years, the trend of QOL instrument production has continued to emerge for cancer survivors, particularly for long-term (more than 5 years) cancer survivors with an emphasis on positive outcomes [ 10], such as the Quality of Life Scale for Adult Cancer Survivors (QLACS) by Avis et al. [ 59] and the Impact of Cancer (IOC) by Zebrack et al. [ 60].
She also read the eyewitness and newspaper accounts and compared those accounts with reports of more recent quakes whose intensity had been calibrated by instruments.
Further studies are needed to address discriminant and predictive validity of the proposed instrument among larger populations of psychiatric patients, including more recent immigrants and different diagnostic categories.
More recent work by Hill has reported the performance of an ap-DTIMS-MS instrument utilizing Hadamard multiplexing.
