Philosophers have employed probability theory to capture causal relations ever since Reichenbach (1956), but more recent work in causality and statistics (e.g., Spirtes et al 2001) has given the theory of probabilistic causality an enormous impulse.
A range of more recent studies focusing on intergroup causal attribution, initially proposed and more recently reviewed by Hewstone (1989, 2012), suggest a more complex picture.
Despite these compelling correlative pieces of evidence, more recent attempts to demonstrate a causal relationship between neurogenesis and spatial learning have generated controversial results (for review see [16], [17]).
Although complications of labour and delivery were previously viewed as the main causal factors, more recent evidence has implicated prenatal factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy [ 1- 5].
The general correlation between particle mass and mortality/morbidity has been well documented but more recent studies have established a causal link between carbonaceous particles and cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological problems, although a great deal more research is needed to understand which properties of the particles are responsible for inciting physical disorders [ 5].
Herein, we suggest another application of WoE, which combines traditional methods for establishing causal inference with more recent uses in providing direction for molecular research.
One more recent approach involves the application of causal networks that integrate previously observed cause effect relationships reported in the literature (Chindelevitch et al., 2012a; Felciano et al., 2013; Kumar et al. 2010; Martin et al., 2012; Pollard et al., 2005).
Since then, debate has evolved from an initial, simplistic "habitat specific" savannah hypothesis, through more sophisticated notions of co-evolution of hominins and their environment, to more recent total rejection of the savannahs as a causal mechanism for the divergence.
A more recent study by the Congressionally-funded US Institute for Peace confirmed a "basic causal mechanism" that "links climate change with violence in Nigeria".
However, more recent work in India and Kenya has begun casting doubt on the often-assumed causal link between electricity access and human development [30, 31].
