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For example, the "Haddon matrix" emphasizes more proximal determinants of road injuries without assuming that national income is required to alter these determinants.
This will avoid the possibility that the more proximal determinants will remove the explanatory power of more distal determinants.
In this perspective it is important to investigate "upstream" influences on more proximal determinants of health [ 13].
Here, apart from the limited range of environmental health issues presented, the book rarely mentions injuries and their more proximal determinants.
Also, maternal education impacts child nutrition partly through the use of more proximal determinants like diets and use of health care and ante/post-natal facilities [ 2].
Future research should concentrate on the more proximal determinants of infant health outcomes (such as individual maternal and infant factors) and the impact of any interventions employed to mitigate these determinants.
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We note that the HIV-infected women may have had adverse life experiences, such as the loss of their partners or family members due to HIV, or may have suffered from stigma, and these factors may be more powerful proximal determinants of differences in CES-D scores than the HIV infection itself.
Vaccination planning is a more significant proximal determinant of uptake of pH1N1 vaccine than is intention.
Social cognitive factors are typically measured using questions about relevant beliefs and are generally viewed as more proximal and modifiable determinants of behaviour than sociodemographic factors [ 18].
The resulting conceptual model explicitly visualises that globalisation affects the institutional, economic, social-cultural and ecological determinants of population health, and that the globalisation process mainly operates at the contextual level, while influencing health through its more distal and proximal determinants.
As a result, our model explicitly visualises that globalisation affects the institutional, economic, social-cultural and ecological determinants of population health and that the globalisation process mainly operates at the contextual level, while influencing health through the more distal and proximal determinants.
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more proximal structures
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