One possibility is that human (mammalian) cells, rather than being unable to efficiently recognize and process viral dsRNAs or shRNAs into siRNAs, may actually be more proficient than invertebrate cells at processing and using siRNAs in antiviral RISC complexes against invading viruses.
Interestingly, a shift in the thiol disulphide equilibrium sustained by the glutathione/thioredoxin will occur in early steps during differentiation, which makes the committing cells more proficient to handle an increased level of ROS.
TGF α-expressing tumors cells are more proficient in their ability to initiate metastases by virtue of their ability to communicate with the resident nontumor cell population.
Of note, WI-38THP-2 cells were more proficient in those traits than WI-38THP-1 and thus constitute a more aggressive population.
When injected into the circulation of mice, miR-203 KD SJG27 cells were significantly more proficient at forming lung metastases over 65 days compared with control cells.
Figure 2B shows that both Vaco411 and the MutY proficient cell line SW948 were more resistant towards H2O2 treatment (41 and 42% of cells remaining respectively after 300 μ M H2O2) than the other three cell lines.
This is most probably due to the appearance of complex cells and tissues that are metabolically more proficient.
Administration of vaccines by the ID route therefore aims to target these cell types (Figure 1) to provide a more proficient immune response, potentially at reduced dose [11].
In this review, we discuss how clonal expansion, targeted tissue localisation, more efficient antigen recognition and more proficient effector functions contribute to the improved effectiveness of memory cells.
Hence, the more proficient an antiangiogenic agent is, the more efficiently it will cause hypoxia and unlike normal cells, tumor cells are much better equipped to cope with hypoxia.
