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24 Diabetes is also a risk factor for coronary artery spasm in women with T2D, 131 while men with T2D suffer more peripheral arterial disease.
Unfortunately, most indwelling arterial catheters sample a more peripheral arterial pressure signal, whose waveform may be altered in unexpected ways as the arterial tone, pulse wave velocity and left ventricular contractility vary.
Beyond doubt, the image quality of contrast-enhanced and time-of-flight (TOF MRAatat 3T benefits from the higher SNR and enables the visualization of more peripheral arterial branches [ 9– 11].
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Diabetic patients were older having more angina pectoris and peripheral arterial disease than other patients (Table 1).
Patients with DM were older, more often women, and were more likely to have hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, renal dysfunction, and obesity (Table 1).
In the general population, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is more prevalent in men [ 13] and peripheral arterial disease is more prevalent in women [ 14].
Diabetic individuals were more likely to have an amputation below the knee eventually because of the more distally pronounced distribution pattern of peripheral arterial disease compared with nondiabetic patients (17, 18).
More than 25 million people have peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Europe and the United States [ 1– 5] and it is difficult to accurately understand the number of amputees.
Overall cigarette-related disease was high in the case group (84%), and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease was more frequent compared to controls (OR 3.5, CI 95%1.11 to 14.6).
They also had more frequently a previous diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease and were less frequently treated with beta-blockers and statins.
A central venous line, a pulmonary artery catheter, a femoral arterial and one or more peripheral venous lines were installed.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com