In conclusion, adults with BPD consistently report on a history of less parental warmth, more rejection and hostility, and more overprotection in their childhood.
Results are consistent with previous studies in which positive parenting and parental warmth predicted decreased CU trait levels (23,24).
There were also more ambiguous findings on dysfunctional households, parental warmth and shouting at children.
Overall, in chaotic homes there was less parental warmth and enjoyment, and more anger and hostility.
We decided to keep the variable parental warmth in childhood because more single items were used for the sum score of the scale than in the parental control construct and therefore variance in the variable parental warmth was higher.
Parental warmth captured affective parenting styles as measured by the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory (Caldwell and Bradley 1984).
f) Lower levels of parenting stress and parenting hostility, and higher levels of parental warmth.
Family structure, parental warmth, place monitoring and parents' social support from family each is negatively associated with parental assessments of impulsivity.
However, associations have been found between early positive parenting characteristics (i.e., parental warmth) and decreased CU traits (22 24) [Waller et al. (25)].
Whereas home strain, parental separation, and unconventional values and behaviors of parents were statistically significantly associated with binge drinking, factors such as parental warmth or acknowledgment of success by parents did not have significant predictive power.
