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Conversely, consumers spread more and more negatively valenced WOM about original products that are not useful compared to less original products with the same level of low usefulness.
Although there were no accuracy or speed differences between the drug and neutral conditions in the current sample of subjects, drug words were more negatively valenced than the matched neutral words.
Indeed in presence of a specific situational context disgust was better characterized in terms of arousal (more clearly arousing) and valence (more negatively valenced).
There was, however, a strong positive correlation between ratings of valence and believability (Mean r =.582, SE = 0.07), t(19) = 8.457, p <.0000001, such that more unbelievable content was generally rated as more negatively valenced.
While reported arousal appears to be independent of the believability of the content, reported valence is mediated by beliefs, such that unbelievable content is experienced as more negatively valenced than believable content.
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In demonstrating state-dependent modulation of categorization in bees, and thereby a cognitive component of emotion, we show that the bees' response to a negatively valenced event has more in common with that of vertebrates than previously thought.
Statistical mediation analyses showed that increasing FT predicts increased behavioral approach tendencies by biasing caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens but not amygdala to be more responsive to positive compared with negatively valenced cues.
We examined the validity and reliability of two brief measures of hopelessness in a large non-clinical sample, one negatively valenced (Brief-H-Neg) and one positively valenced (Brief-H-Pos).
Planned comparisons (see Table 2) revealed that bias scores significantly increased in the Positive condition (reflecting a bias away from negatively valenced interpretations and towards positively valenced interpretations).
High-worriers report more negatively-valenced thought in general during worry compared to low-worriers, who typically report more neutral thoughts (Mathews & Milroy, 1994).
Our results for all five of the positively valenced clips and for four of the seven negatively valenced clips support this suggestion — the Northern Irish sample rated both positive and negative emotion at a significantly more extreme level than the Serb sample.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com