Exact(1)
Deuterostomes can either develop indirectly into the juvenile/adult form via one or more larval phases, or develop directly, lacking a morphologically distinct larval stage.
Similar(7)
Because snail species with longer larval phases are more likely to be pushed further by ocean currents, it has been predicted (e.g., Hansen 1980) that distant populations will still retain strong genetic links, preventing genetic isolation.
Specifically, because these species experience a wide range of temperatures throughout their larval phases, we predict that larvae achieving high swimming velocities across temperatures will have a selective advantage over more thermally sensitive individuals.
Bissell notes that "the Peace Corps attracts more larval writers than any postbaccalaureate option save for our infinite master of fine arts programs".
As wild A. percula are not likely to be exposed daily to settlement odours during their pelagic larval phase, the more ecologically relevant test of odour exposure for only the first 24-h post-hatching demonstrated that the larvae not only continue to respond behaviourally to the odour (Dixson et al., 2011) but that Ap-otx2 remains upregulated compared to larvae never exposed to settlement odours.
It is also possible that this approach would be more successful in an amphibian with a longer larval phase.
Given the short larval phase in the B. marinus life cycle, antigens produced later than globin may be more effective immunogens and we are currently investigating this possibility.
Some organisms have a short-lived larval phase or no larvae at all.
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