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Theoretically, stable LPAIVs might be potentially more infectious for the human upper respiratory tract.
The 41855/LR-GFP-226V virus was ∼1000 times more infectious for Ae. albopictus as compared to Ag41855-GFP-226V virus (OID50 = 3.78) (Table 4).
Interestingly, 41855-GFP-226A was slightly more infectious for Ae. aegypti than 41855-GFP-226V (p1<0.05 for the first experiment and p2>0.05 for the second).
This finding corroborated our previous results showing that CHIKV with the E1-226A resisue islightlyly more infectious for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes [9].
As our results indicate that the mutation HA2 K58→I increases the infectivity of H5 viruses for mice, the use of amantadine in clinics, or especially in farming, could support the appearance of H5 HPAIVs more infectious for mammals [37].
Analysis of the viruses bearing double mutants in the E2 protein revealed a similar result: viruses containing E2-G60D were significantly more infectious for Ae. albopictus than the 41855-GFP-226A virus regardless of the second mutations at positions E2-162 and E2-211.
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That being said, males may be intrinsically more infectious, due for example to their increased activity and/or host range.
Finally, we extend these results to design strategies for more infectious strains and for changes to the underlying infectious contact network that deemphasize the role of children and teenagers.
In the case studied here, generation times between individuals are shorter for within household transmission than between household transmission, particularly for more infectious pathogens, and this resulted in systematic biases associated with estimating the reproduction number while ignoring this effect, which were quite substantial in the case of highly infectious measles virus.
The reason is that if the vaccination rate exceeds a certain critical level (higher for more infectious diseases) everyone, including the unvaccinated, enjoys what epidemiologists call herd immunity.
The erythrocyte-bound HIV-1 was then approx 100-fold more infectious, via trans infection, for infection of CD4 target cells, and the cell-bound HIV-1 reconstituted essentially all of the infectivity of the original unadsorbed free virus.
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