More complex, indirect pathways can also yield adverse impacts for example, switching some agricultural production from food to biofuel feedstocks can have complex, recursive macroeconomic effects including shifts in prices of various food staples (Chakravorty et al. 2009).
Despite the lack of information, it is unlikely that climate change will directly impact the incidence of listeriosis in Europe, although it could lead to more cases through indirect pathways (Table 1).
Cdca8, Cenpk and Cdkn2d have more indirect associations with erythropoietic pathways.
Taking into account indirect pathways, many more schemes are possible as well.
5 The direct pathway of violence during pregnancy can cause immediate complications such as bleeding, rupture of membranes and PTB, and examples of indirect pathways include more health-risk behaviours, depression and stress/anxiety.
Indirect pathways are more difficult to identify, but there are some suggestions from this rapid appraisal that they derive from the meanings of dark streets in the context of normative assumptions about places that should be lit, and who should be in them, or to the removal of public goods.
It should also be pointed out that if the VMH is not a primary sensing region but rather an important relay station for other brain regions, then this pathway may be even more indirect.
This suggests that our measure of food insecurity may be relatively weak or that the pathways to alcohol use are more indirect than for other adverse experiences.
In future studies, to shed more light on the underlying mechanisms, it is recommended that direct and indirect pathways between changes in PTSD and secondary outcomes are evaluated.
More importantly, it efficiently evaluates the mechanism of the total effect, decomposing direct and indirect pathways, in a single model.
