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If they did resemble Palaeoamericans it means either that humans on both sides of the strait evolved independently in similar ways (perhaps because of similar selective pressures), or that there was more gene flow to and fro across "Beringia" than had previously been suspected.
Arrows between communities indicate gene flow, with thicker arrows representing more gene flow.
This result is intuitive, as more gene flow is possible in open coastal/marine environments, and the pattern can be expected to be the strongest between the coastal populations and the smallest freshwater populations (the pond sites).
Combining these results, it seems possible that a widespread Atlantic lineage and a less extensive Eastern lineage existed in pre-glacial times, with more gene flow and the maintenance of higher genetic diversity possible in the Atlantic.
The Sardinians differ from continental European groups in lacking any Asian ancestry component, while the Russians and Adygei differ from other European groups in having appreciable amounts of the Hazara/Uygur and other Central/South Asia ancestry components, respectively, indicating more gene flow and/or ancestry with these groups (Fig. S4B).
More gene flow was detected between riparian A. oblonga and non-riparian A. macroclinidioides, although the probability distributions did not show sharp peaks.
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It is possible that the Tsumkwe group had more gene-flow with the neighboring !Xun groups.
If hunter-gatherer groups in the past lived as small isolated metapopulations with limited amounts of gene-flow between them, the influence of genetic drift might have been more pronounced than in population groups with more gene-flow between groups [ 59].
Despite the fact that diploid seeds may disperse two times more genes than haploid pollen, pollen movement contributes more to gene flow in most species (Petit et al. 2005; Kartzinel et al. 2013).
A smaller FST value means the populations included in an analysis are fairly similar to each other, likely due to more extensive gene flow among large populations.
At the same time, several haplotype groups were shared by different wild and cultivated subpopulations, supporting the conclusion that both ancient and (in the case of cultivated accessions) more recent gene flow continue to dilute the once-distinctive gene pools (Fig. 5: note cpGroups I, III, and VIII).
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