Similar to the general pattern observed in Fig. 3, mental processes of desideration and cognition were more frequent than mental processes of perception and emotion where a Phenomenon was involved.
In the field of clinical practice guidelines, a systematic review found that patient and public involvement was more frequent in mental health [ 42].
One notable difference in our results from other work in West Africa is the more frequent attribution of mental illness to brain disease (92.8% in Malawi versus 9.2% in Nigeria).
Health-related outcomes found in addition to stress were increased substance abuse, more frequent depressions and mental disorders, occurrence of burnout syndrome and various psychosomatic stress symptoms including lack of appetite, sleep disorders, headache and fatigue.
In our study, persons with obesity were more likely to report frequent mental distress than persons who were not obese.
We hypothesize that a history of foster care predicts earlier, more severe and more frequent substance use, multiple mental disorder diagnoses, discontinuous work history, and longer durations of homelessness.
It has been demonstrated that women in old age are more likely to be affected by mental disorders [ 44] and receive mental health care than men [ 45]; this may have increased the awareness of mental health issues among older women and led to more frequent referrals of women with mental disorders to specialists such as geriatricians and psychiatrists.
Acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases, diseases of liver, calculus of kidney and ureter, headaches and alcohol-induced morbidity occurred more frequently among non-Estonians, while mental disorders were more frequent among Estonians.
And more frequent prayer was related to better mental health.
Mental disorders were more frequent in younger people and in female, unemployed, unmarried, or disabled people.
