Chromosomes with no apparent cross-overs were found for all the linkage groups but were more frequent for the smaller linkage groups.
Conversely, in one Australian study, Australian-born mothers had lower linkage rates due to more frequent treatment in private hospitals which lacked data on mothers' full names [ 20].
Intragenic linkage of QTPs was the more frequent cause for "pleiotropy" compared to pleiotropic polymorphisms.
Genetic causation can only be proven by either linkage (segregation within a family) or association (more frequent occurrence in affected individuals than in controls).
This suggests more frequent recombination events in putative telomeric regions in males, in line with previous salmonid linkage mapping studies [ 9- 11, 22].
The goal of our study was to test the hypothesis that 500C>T is in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with causative alleles, and that these haplotypes are more frequent in Caucasians with melanoma than in healthy Caucasians or African Americans.
In a Chinese population, the ancestral C allele of VKORC1 +2255 T/C polymorphism (rs2359612), which is in nearly complete linkage disequilibrium with VKORC1 − 1639G > A polymorphism, is the minor allele and more frequent in stroke patients than in controls [ 8].
The CACNA1E gene, which codes for the alpha-1E subunit of R-type channels, is precisely located on locus 1q31, for which significant linkage was found in the common forms of migraine [29], and a single nucleotide polymorphism was more frequent in subgroups of patients affected by migraine with aura [30].
This may occur when a haplotype is not in linkage with a disease susceptibility gene but with a protective gene, so that it will be more frequent in healthy individuals.
Through the analysis of the possible genotypic combinations, it was observed that the more frequent haplotype was CG (0.78) and, using analyses of maximum likelihood, it was verified that the locus did not meet in linkage disequilibrium.
