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In a recent study of participants of the Memory and Aging Project — a continuing examination of 1,200 older people involving extensive lifestyle questionnaires, annual cognitive testing and brain autopsy at death — Dr. Wilson and his colleagues found that more frequent cognitive activity late in life was associated with substantially slower cognitive decline.
Patients who reported work disability also reported more frequent cognitive symptoms, as well as fatigue, pain and depression.
Higher CFQ scores indicate more frequent cognitive problems and higher MMSE scores (0−30) indicate better global cognitive functioning, and MMSE scores of 23 or less are considered to be cognitively impaired.
Parkinson disease associated with GBA mutations (GBA-PD) is clinically, pathologically and pharmacologically indistinguishable from idiopathic 'sporadic' Parkinson disease, although GBA-PD has a slightly earlier onset (∼5 years) and rather more frequent cognitive dysfunction.
However, the association of COPD with more frequent cognitive problems was interesting, although the results for MMSE score were not significant after adjustment in two-way ANOVA, possibly due to sample size limitation.
It has been suggested that APOE4 Parkinson's disease carriers present more severe cortical atrophy (Wakabayashi et al., 1998; Li et al., 2004) and more frequent cognitive decline than patients without an APOE4 allele (Irwin et al., 2012).
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Participants with higher global motor scores were younger and better educated, reported a larger social network; with more frequent social, cognitive and physical activities, less disability, better cognition, less depressive symptoms and vascular diseases (Table 2).
This comparison shows that AD-related and Lewy body pathologies and HS are significantly (P <0.05) more frequent in individuals with cognitive decline.
As opposed to the more frequent typical AD patients, cognitive impairment and/or memory disturbances are absent or mild, at least during the early stage of VVAD [ 1, 4– 6].
Patients with more frequent seizures have poorer cognitive function; significant increases in anxiety, depression, and suicidality; poorer employment status; a lower quality of life; and worse overall health than patients with fewer seizures.
It seemed that worse health status, including the more frequent depression occurrence and cognitive function disorders in the elderly using the nursing care at their homes, was related to their multimorbidity, loneliness, and too-short duration of the care during the day.
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