Workers at all education levels work more years in formal employment than in the benchmark after the age of 45, and on average, they work between 1.5 and 2 years more in the formal sector 26.
A World Bank evaluation on the impact of Syrian refugees on the Turkish labor market found that an influx of Syrian refugees into Turkey led Turkish workers to switch to more skilled and formal sector jobs and away from jobs that were mostly manual labor on farms.
"But there is a cost associated with this more formal regulation of the sector," said David Williams, a Hong Kong-based partner at Draper Fisher Jurvetson ePlanet Ventures, a venture capital firm.
At the same time, the informal sector appears more unstable than the formal sector, but it is easier to enter into from unemployment (40% instead of 23%), a feature which gives some attractiveness to this sector.
Many female workers are still located in the unregulated informal sector but more are entering the formal sector.
However, we found that men receiving ART were more likely to complain about availability of services than women, possibly because they are more likely to work in the formal sector, where absenteeism is more likely to have negative consequences than in the informal sector and home production.
It is shown that formality is remarkably more stable among the better educated individuals (10 points higher), and educated workers who were in the informal sector are much more likely to change to the formal sector than low-educated workers (22 points more).
Nonetheless, ability and some personality traits do somehow influence earnings within the formal sector, albeit more in Lebanon than in Syria.
On the demand side, although the scheme is aimed at the informal sector, households who are employed in the formal sector were more likely to be members of the CHF.
