Since the late 1990s, health care leaders have worked to improve the capacity of health workers trained in trauma care to augment the services provided by KDHW and BPHWT, which has subsequently developed into a more formal programme, the Trauma Management Program TMPP).
Other instructors disagreed, advocating group work or a buddy system so they were not exercising alone, or a more formal programme with goal setting, weekly assessment and greater support.
Historically, this was the more common option for clinicians; however, there has been a shift to more formal PhD programmes.
But for students who wish to be admitted to a more formal doctoral programme or graduate school, rigid prerequisites, application deadlines, and formal review procedures are the norm.
In addition, a more formal evaluation of the programme's aim regarding education and patient self-management is required.
In the context of a CHW program that is mainly focused on health promotion and home visits, if programme implementers were to strengthen the capacity of village leaders, and give them a more extensive and more formal role in the programme, they could fill some of the gaps that we currently expect facility-based supervisors to fill.
I am currently still working at the same radio station, contributing an equally short but rather more formal weekly section to an evening programme, where in recent weeks I have been commenting, for example, on the achievements of this year's Nobel Prize winners.
Because men have often benefited from these kinds of relationships more than women, many large companies have formal programmes set up to connect junior women with senior managers for mentoring.
Yet, compared to the formal programmes, Lantieri's IRP is more of a 'bag of tricks' – or "a bag of practical strategies" – as she describes it.
In addition, supervisors could benefit from more formal leadership training, like workshops and leadership training programmes that could make them aware of the importance of certain leadership behaviours and how they could influence residents' performance and well-being [ 26].
