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In a recent systematic review, there was no evidence that children and adolescents with migraine at referral to a specialist had more signs of anxiety and depression, had more attention problems or exhibited more externalizing behavior than healthy children[31].
Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed that less parental monitoring was associated with more externalizing behavior problems at age 11, and more unsupervised time spent out in the community (vs. unsupervised time in any context) and less positive parental involvement were associated with increases in externalizing behavior across time.
The relevant Externalization T-score cutoff was 60, with higher scores indicating more externalizing behavior.
These findings may reflect that boys in general display more externalizing behavior (Costello et al. 2003) and are more self-confident than girls (Birndorf et al. 2005).
Moreover, it was shown that the deviancy training in the 'mixed' group condition accounted for more externalizing behavior at post-treatment.
In this issue of EHP, Braun et al. (2009) report that the concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) in maternal urine from early pregnancy is associated with female offspring having more externalizing behavior.
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Psychosocial functioning in boys and girls is generally similar, but more externalizing behaviors have been identified in boys [ 16].
Thus children with higher levels of FR-EXT showed more externalizing behaviors, as did children with higher levels of parental rejection and overprotection.
With regard to sex differences, boys were reported to have significantly more problem behaviors than girls on all factors, except for dysregulation and inhibition, consistent with the finding that boys show more externalizing behaviors [ 18].
Boys showed more externalizing behavioral problems including attention deficit, hyperactivity, and offensive behaviors (Kim and Doh 2001; Kim et al. 2009).
Whilst girls seem more vulnerable to internalizing stress reactions, boys display more externalizing behaviour disturbance [ 24, 33].
More suggestions(15)
more transgressive behavior
more awesome behavior
more reflective behavior
more furtive behavior
more irregular behavior
more egregious behavior
more robust behavior
more deplorable behavior
more externalizing behavioral
more altruistic behavior
more sophisticated behavior
more complex behavior
more disruptive behavior
more scandalous behavior
more transparent behavior
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