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The findings presented in this paper are particularly relevant in the context of a recent review of NIH grant procedures [10] which highlighted the need for more explicit criteria for grant evaluation, reviewer training, and evaluation of reviewers.
For this purpose, evaluation on 'Decision robustness' and 'Learning success' deserve further elaboration in terms of more explicit criteria concerning e.g. comparison with study's objectives, stakeholder involvement, pathway analysis, more precise addressing of the learning effect (who learned what and how?). 6.
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Also, internal validity increased, since newer studies used more explicit eligibility criteria, objective rating scales, intention-to-treat analyses.
Later studies used panels of reviewers and more explicit judgment criteria.
In 1997, Beers published a revised and more comprehensive set of explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate drug use in ambulatory people aged 65 years or older.
We also think that authors of proposals for pilot studies should be more explicit as to the criteria which lead to further studies being abandoned, and that this should be an important part of the proposal.
In the new ARDS definition the radiographic criterion is more explicit, specifying that it should include bilateral opacities, consistent with pulmonary edema not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse or nodules.
Until now, the choice of phylogenetic markers for mammalian systematics has been governed more by historical constraints than by explicit criteria.
Possible solutions could be to revise the QOF criteria to include more explicit quality linked indicators, or alternatively, to give a much greater emphasis to alternative mechanisms of quality improvement such as clinical audit.
With the introduction of priority-scoring systems, the management of waiting lists becomes more transparent, with priority given based on explicit criteria, with patients being treated on a needs basis and not just on time already waited [ 6].
The choice between these criteria is an ongoing point of discussion: implicit criteria are more easily applicable but generally lack definition, whereas explicit criteria are not unequivocally agreed upon and are often perceived as too inflexible [ 9- 12].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com