Exact(1)
Here we show that the Gas1 mutant GI tract, compared to the control, is shorter, has thinner smooth muscles, and contains more enteric progenitors that are abnormally distributed.
Similar(59)
Ruminants fed tropical forages usually produce more enteric methane than ruminants fed temperate forages.
The latter suggests that enteric progenitors or neurons express Gas1.
To determine whether the increase in enteric progenitors in the mutant is due to increased proliferation, we monitored their proliferation rate at E13.5, an earlier time-point when the enteric progenitors actively expand.
Because Shh is implicated in enteric progenitor proliferation (Fu et al., 2004), we next examined whether endogenous Gas1 is expressed in the enteric progenitors using P75 as a marker.
Thus, immature enteric progenitors represent a transplantable source of cells with the capacity to differentiate in vivo.
Indeed, we observed P75+ enteric progenitors in the small intestine stained positively for endogenous Gas1 antigen (Fig. 5A C).
In enteric progenitors and myoblasts, we presume P-Erk and P-Akt activation by Hh potentiates receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.
We further utilized the enteric neurosphere cultures derived from Gas1 control and mutant embryonic GI tracts to delineate the contribution of Shh and Ret in the proliferation and differentiation of enteric progenitors.
In summary, we have identified a population of expandable fetal enteric progenitors from mouse and human that can be used as a transplantable source.
Indeed, isolated mutant enteric progenitors not only showed increased levels of phospho-Ret and its downstream effectors, phospho-Akt and phospho-Erk, but also displayed altered responses to Gdnf and Shh.
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