Asexual reproduction is far more efficient than sexual reproduction, so asexual lineages should outcompete sexual ones (Maynard Smith 1978; Lively and Lloyd 1990; Lively 1996).
For example, polyps from the Northern Sea are substantially smaller than those from the Baltic Sea (7.4 ± 2.7 vs. 21 ± 11 mm3; p < 0.001, U test) but much more efficient in vegetative reproduction (ephyrae per strobila: 16 ± 2 vs. 4 ± 1; p < 0.001, U test).
Based on the comparison with modern species, we reject the hypothesis of more energy-efficient reproduction in sauropods.
Scientists who study how organisms reproduce know that asexual reproduction is more efficient for one thing, it's about twice as fast as sexual reproduction, since every offspring can produce more.
This introduced haplotype M has been spreading and outcompeting the native P. australis subsp. americanus (Saltonstall et al. 2004) by means of faster growth, greater investment in sexual reproduction and more efficient seed dispersal (Howard et al. 2008; Belzile et al. 2010; McCormick et al. 2010, Kettenring et al. 2011).
"Video makes replication more efficient," Pritsker said.
During this process, molecules slowly grouped, then regrouped, forming ever more efficient means for energy transformation and becoming capable of reproduction.
Indeed, no effects of CoV and AstV on reproduction were initially apparent; although postparturition amplification of both viruses was more efficient in 2010 than in 2008, the overall breeding success was significantly better in 2010.
Sexual reproduction, by contrast, allows fuller sweeps and more efficient elimination of maladapted alleles.
Species with low investment in early reproduction are thus expected to be able to evolve more efficient maintenance and repair mechanisms, allowing for a longer potential life span (intrinsic longevity).
