Mr. Frank defended the merger, saying it would create a larger, more efficient organization.
Yet it is by far the most successful of all United States airlines, because it has created a vastly more efficient organization than its competitors have.
"Hopefully," he added, "they will make it to the other side with their cash intact, presumably as a smaller and more efficient organization".
"If a leader creates optimal working conditions for the core workers, then that is likely to create a more efficient organization".
The nature of the breakthrough in production technology is unclear, but it probably involved larger furnaces and a more efficient organization of resources.
"Our new organizational model marks a further important step along the path we are pursuing to make Citi a simpler, leaner and more efficient organization," Mr. Pandit said in a statement.
Publicly, Planned Parenthood leaders say the merger, which has been under discussion since 2009, is about creating a leaner, more efficient organization, especially in the face of reductions in state and federal financing.
In a blog post, Dr. Pascal J. Goldschmidt, senior vice president for medical affairs and the dean of the medical school, wrote, "We have started the difficult but essential process of becoming a more efficient organization by reducing administrative duplication and unfunded research".
First, it will make Goldman Sachs a leaner, meaner more efficient organization.
In some cases, this involves reducing team sizes as we evolve into a more efficient organization".
