The three chemotrophic pathways, the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle and the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, were found to be more efficient than photoautotrophic carbon fixation pathways.
In the case of the PR-carrying marine flavobacterium Polaribacter sp. MED152, uptake of bicarbonate increased in the presence of light, suggesting that a PR-mediated proton gradient drives anaplerotic inorganic carbon fixation toward more efficient anabolism (Gonzalez et al. 2008).
Also, a decline of Ne may bias β downward, due to fixations of slightly deleterious alleles that were previously kept rare by more efficient selection, because after such a fixation, slightly beneficial ancestral alleles will segregate at elevated frequencies, compared with that after a selectively neutral fixation (Charlesworth and Eyre-Walker 2007).
Despite the historical success of plates, pins and screws in fracture reduction and stabilisation, there is a continuing search for more efficient and improved methods of fracture fixation.
Alternatively, it may imply convergent evolution within the superfamily as in the Rubisco superfamily where a more efficient form of this important protein responsible for carbon fixation, has emerged more than 60 times during evolution [80].
Certainly when the world gains a billion more hungry citizens in the next 20 years, many of Monsanto's technologies like nitrogen fixation, drought tolerance, and in the future, more efficient photosynthesis, could definitely come in handy.
The overexpression of carbonic anhydrase, insertion of a more efficient Rubisco or multiple copies of Ci transporters could in principle increase CO2 fixation levels in cyanobacteria.
One of the key requirements for more efficient fluorescent labelling is the preservation of cell morphology, which usually requires a combination of several fixation techniques.
Direct fixation of the muscles to the bone graft appeared to result in a more efficient muscular recovery.
