Among them, R2R3-MYB genes containing subgenome LF have one or more duplicated genes in other subgenomes, suggesting that all the BrMYB genes have been retained in Chinese cabbage after genome triplications.
Overall, these data predict 2% more duplicated loci in the axolotl genome versus the human genome (39/577 vs. 25/577), and more paralogs are predicted on average for axolotl duplicated loci (2.3 vs. 1.3).
7This might also be one of the reasonable explanations why cotton could retain more duplicated genes in the Sus I group than most of the other phylogenetic related species, such as Arabidopsis.
In some of these clusters, 3 or more duplicated genes were tandemly locate in one genome sequence.
In seven (54%) of these 13 clades, two or more duplicated human genes (indicated by * in Table 1) were found to be in paralogous regions of the human genome indicating that the events causing these specific gene amplifications were presumably large scale and less likely to be the result of simple tandem gene duplication alone.
Protein families with metabolic or cellular functions have significantly more duplicates in strains of subsection V than in those of subsection IV (P < 2.2 × 10 16, paired t test).
If a group had a lower Census population than NHI population, likely explanations are that the group had more duplicates in the NHI, as acknowledged by the Ministry of Health; was more likely to reside outside New Zealand; or was under-counted in the Census.
Interestingly, all of the R2R3-MYB genes in subgenome LF had one or more duplicates in the other subgenomes, suggesting that all R2R3-MYB genes were retained in the genomic triplication of Chinese cabbage; this might also have contributed to the expansion of R2R3-MYB gene family.
As recent human evolution may have involved duplication more than alteration at single nucleosides, in addition to the fact that brain size and function evolved in hominines, one might well expect that relatively more material duplicated in the genome is expressed in the human brain; some research supports this expectation [50].
According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the world impact of cancer has more than duplicated in the last 30 years [ 6].
