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One would predict that the process of domestication and breed formation would result in more divergent selection than balancing selection.
Intermittent droughts could reduce the density of Microcebus murinus, reduce invasive pressure and shift the adaptive landscape towards more divergent selection, which could help to maintain species integrity.
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Our evaluation of selection pressure indicates diversifying selection at the initial duplication event and more recent divergent selection of BSP and WIN4-like subfamily members.
More recently, divergent selection experiments for birth weight [ 8] and litter size [ 9] in rabbits confirmed that residual variance is genetically controlled.
Schluter and Price (1993) suggested that differences between environments in how traits are detected should determine which trait is relied upon more, leading to divergent selection for multiple traits between different environments.
By contrast, a frameshift-inducing indel might persist longer in more divergent genes under relaxed selection, and compensation via a subsequent indel may act as a mechanism to prevent or reduce the accumulation of deleterious mutations in these genes.
This has been shown in a recent study of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus[ 44], in which full-genome re-sequencing identified a number of more genomically localized signals of divergent selection that had not been detected in a previous genome scan employing 45,000 SNPs originating from Restriction-site AssociatagsDNA (RAD) tags [ 45].
Interestingly, the nature of compensatory indels may hamper analyses of protein evolution, such as tests of positive selection, in more divergent species.
Traits under divergent selection do in fact diverge more than do neutral loci (Endler 1973; Morgan et al. 2005; Porcher et al. 2006).
Therefore, we also took another approach in which we tested whether local plants perform better than foreign plants at both transplanting sites, i.e. pairs of plant origin, which would indicate divergent selection and thus more rigorous evidence for local adaptation [12].
The two lines originated from the same base population and 40 generations of divergent selection resulted in more than an eight-fold difference in body-weight at the age of selection between the High-Weight (HWS) and the Low-Weight selected (LWS) lines.
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