This contrasts with more direct and radical changes in the WNT canonical cascade as both tissue-specific gain and loss of function of β-catenin, result in premature OA [ 8, 9].
By analyzing income and employment effects simultaneously in a panel perspective, it was possible to obtain more direct evidence for the two contrasting hypotheses suggested by Oppenheimer, i.e., the neo-Malthusian male breadwinner hypothesis and the career uncertainty hypothesis (sometimes also called the career instability or immaturity hypothesis).
This forms a rather marked contrast to the more direct route followed by primary afferents along the lemniscal pathway for sensory reafference to S1.
This provides a more direct measure of food consumed, in contrast to in-store surveys of food available for purchase [ 16, 26, 27].
Secondly (particularly for busy families), changes to research governance structures meant that we had to take a lengthy route to contact 'refusers' in contrast to the more direct methods a decade earlier.
In contrast to the more direct methods for measuring antioxidant capacities of plant extracts, the FRAP assay is derived from a different redox reaction and due to its low cost, rapidity and technical simplicity, it has become a valuable method for detecting total antioxidant/reducing power of plant extracts.
By contrast, there may be a more direct relationship between handedness for gestures and hemispheric dominance for language (Kimura 1973).
Finally, we consider alternative fMRI techniques using exogenous contrast agents, arterial spin labeling, and more direct measures of neural activation.
This would provide a more direct way to measure neuronal activation than standard BOLD contrasted fMRI does.
In contrast, respondents from smaller clinics experience more direct collaboration by being more centrally positioned within the organization.
