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Intense RNase 7 immunoreactivity was present in all epidermal layers of the skin with an intensification of the upper more differentiated layers, especially within stratum corneum.
Although the Ets1 transgene was expressed in the more differentiated layers of the epidermis (upper spinous and granular layers), the PCNA and Ki67 labeling was mainly associated with less differentiated layers (basal and lower spinous layers).
Absolute quantification using real-time PCR and ELISA revealed that primary keratinocytes expressed high levels of RNase 7. Immunohistochemistry showed RNase 7 expression in all epidermal layers of the skin with an intensification in the upper more differentiated layers.
The absence of cyclin B1 and A and the persistence of cyclin E, PCNA, KI67 and P-Rb in more differentiated layers (Table 1) suggest that suprabasal nuclei undergo endoreduplication: they continue DNA replication and become polyploid once nuclear division takes place no longer (Fig. 10).
In normal anal mucosa, DSC1 showed strong membranous staining of the more differentiated layers.
There are few copies of the viral genome in the basal layer [ 304]; the production of infective particles occurs only in the more differentiated layers of the epithelium [ 306].
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As previously demonstrated [ 11, 12], these two cell lines show a different degree of differentiation and express cytokine patterns typical of either less differentiated basal layers of epidermis (NCTC 2544) or more differentiated superficial layers of epidermis (HaCaT).
The greatest levels of FGF8 staining was found towards the bottom of the epidermal layer containing dividing cells rather than in the more differentiated upper layers.
Recently, the up-regulation of S100 gene family was associated with cellular migration in numerous systems, such as early-stage non-small lung cancer distant metastasis [67], and human keratinocyte trans-activation by the cytokine IL-22 to drive the migration of renewed cells from basal to more differentiated skin layers [68].
Upon injury, stromal signals induce proliferation of basal cells that ultimately form the more differentiated cell layers [ 1].
In human skin, CB1 is expressed in keratinocytes within the more differentiated epidermal layers, hair follicle cells, sebaceous glands, sensory neurons, and immune cells.
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