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Demand for smoking in the Cigarette Purchase Task was greater among more dependent smokers, but reducing nicotine content decreased demand independent of dependence severity.
For example, it might be reasonable to imagine they are more dependent smokers, which is why they vape as well as using regular cigarettes.
However, the participants are not representative of the general population of British smokers, as treatment services see more dependent smokers.
For example, more dependent smokers tended to be more likely to use treatment, and smokers from lower social grades were less likely to use e-cigarettes.
More dependent smokers, as measured by the FTND, were less likely to be abstinent over this period (t = 3.61, df = 2183, p <.001).
It is possible that more dependent smokers, who would have more difficulty quitting in general, would be the ones who would be more likely to experiment with e-cigarettes, which could contribute to the finding that e-cigarette use is associated with a lower quit rate.
Similar(54)
Such groups are usually more dependent and heavier smokers than the general population of smokers.
With mainly nicotine patches available in communities, there were calls for a wider range of NRT products (e.g. nicotine gums) in order to provide: " opportunity for combination therapy that may be more effective for highly dependent smokers" (FLSPNI).
Current smokers discount delayed rewards more than never and former smokers and are more nicotine dependent than less dependent smokers, even when controlling for education [ 34, 35].
15 Although smokers think that smoking offers mental health benefits, there is a strong association between smoking and poor mental health, and smokers with mental health disorders tend to be heavier smokers and more dependent.
Dependent smokers are more likely to continue smoking and to use increasingly larger amounts to sustain the nicotine effect.
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