This instrument was developed simultaneously in more than 15 cultural settings.
The existence of DIF pointed to the necessity of repeating this study in more mono-cultural settings to investigate whether the findings replicate.
Therefore, the factor structure of OSS needs more investigation in different cultural settings.
Also the prevalence of death talk and the evocation method needs to be tested more thoroughly in other cultural settings.
Ordinarily at ease in cultural settings, the First Lady was rendered more or less speechless.
This illustrates the importance of more investigation of a psychiatric rating instrument in the different cultural settings.
Indeed, curative care that results in life-altering disability can also be more or less acceptable for different individuals or depending on the cultural settings (Cereste 2011).
However, these results need to be replicated in different cultural settings, and there is also a need for more detailed studies of the specific dimensions related to reported gender discrepancies.
Since the determinants of IPV are complex and vary between cultural settings and levels, there is a need for countries like Tanzania to be more pro-active in research that evaluates the relevancy and applicability of different preventive approaches [ 64].
More studies are needed to test the validity of this life cycle framework in different national and cultural settings.
