Exaggerated visual ornaments may make males more conspicuous to females, while also increasing their conspicuousness to eavesdropping predators [1], [5] [7].
L. 10.75 6); that language is learnt in context (Lucretius 5.1028ff); and that linguistic expressions of natural languages are clearer and more conspicuous than their definitions; even that definitions would destroy their conspicuousness (Usener 258, 243); and that philosophers hence should use ordinary language rather than introduce technical expressions (Epicurus On Nature 28).
As predicted, in females there was no difference in conspicuousness between upper/lower backs and flanks, whereas in males, flanks were significantly more conspicuous than both upper and lower backs (females: lower backs vs. flanks, F 1, 26 = 0.542, P = 0.468, η p = 0.020; upper backs vs. flanks (F 1, 26 = 1.468, P = 0.237, η p = 0.053).
While new species of birds since the second half of the twentieth century tend to be small-bodied, it is more likely that conspicuousness determines their likelihood for discovery (Gaston and Blackburn 1994).
Results from a lab experiment suggest an entangled effect of complexity contrast and visual complexity, indicating that buyers are influenced more by the conspicuousness of a product picture, rather than the information conveyed by a product picture when it is visually overwhelming.
The lack of unity among us coeds was even more depressing than our conspicuousness.
In this regard, there is a current debate regarding the allocation costs of avoiding predators: To effectively avoid predation, is it more advantageous to invest in increased conspicuousness or greater noxiousness, or to allocate equally to both signal modalities?
Moreover, we further show that differences in conspicuousness between flanks and backs are more detectable by conspecifics compared to avian predators.
The model with smaller eyespots is predicted to suffer more attacks, and at a lower attack latency according to the conspicuousness hypothesis.
However, as eagle owls locate their prey through its displays and nest conspicuousness [18], goshawks could have an advantage because they are more cryptic and breed in greater forest patches than buzzards; goshawk nests could be harder to find at greater distances from the eagle owl nest.
In line with these predictions, we tested whether backs matched the background better than flanks in males, whether females were camouflaged on all body regions, and whether signal partitioning was more perceptible to conspecifics than to avian predators due to the heightened conspicuousness of signaling flanks to mates/rivals.
