In our meta-analysis, although based on a small subgroup of studies, the inclusion of those epidemiological studies that were restricted to clinically confirmed ADHD cases (e.g. DSM diagnostic criteria) led to a reduction of the pooled-prevalence from 6.8%9595% CI 4.9 – 8.8%) to 6.4%9595% CI 4.9 – 7.9%), which is even more consistent with the prevalence rates worldwide [ 26].
Higher and more consistent declines in prevalence were seen for education, compared to wealth and caste.
However, there was a more consistent gradient in prevalence of LBW, preterm birth and SGA by quintile of our index compared to the Pampalon indices, more noticeable in the case of LBW (p < 0.0001 vs. p < 0.01).
However, our Bayesian modelling analysis showed that these 'estimated CCU trends ' are generally more consistent with HIV prevalence trends than assuming no or slow increases in CCU, suggesting that these trends have some basis.
Studies using the criterion of pain lasting six months or more have shown a consistent prevalence around 15%,while those that defined CLBP as continuous pain for three months or more, have shown prevalence ranging from 4 to 24%.
Among the antioxidants examined, dietary vitamin C showed a more consistent effect on cataract prevalence.
However, it is also possible that the symptoms were more consistent with the high-prevalence diseases in those vignettes.
18 The current meta-analysis particularly illustrates that prevalence is more consistent across samples when clinical assessment is involved.
In comparison with group (b) cereal fibre intake showed a more consistent inverse relationship with adenoma prevalence with the RR for ascending quintiles of intake being 1.0, 0.3-1.6 0.3-1.60.5 (0.3-1.1 0.3-1.10.7-1.4) and 0.4-1.4 0.4-1.4trend chi 2 = 8.80, p = 0.003).
Studies in Japanese and Chinese Americans show a more consistent relationship between acculturation and diabetes prevalence, with a higher diabetes prevalence among Asians who are acculturated to a more Western lifestyle (9, 22, 23).
