Interestingly, this is also true for active sites in SROs from other plant species (Additional file 2), with the notable exception of P. patens SROs, which bear more conserved and potentially active catalytic triads.
The catalytic domain is more conserved and more commonly used for differentiating between families of protein kinases [11].
Such an example can be found in one of the strongest T1D associations, which involves the R620W SNP in PTPN22 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22), where the 620W disease-associated variant, derived in an even more conserved context, is a gain-of-function variant, with increased catalytic activity [36].
Like many other modular signaling proteins, most GEFs contain a conserved catalytic domain (which acts on GTPases) embedded within a more complex set of other domains that act to regulate or localize this catalytic domain.
These data suggest the following: The inner atoms, which are directly involved in catalytic reactions, are not always conserved from a structural viewpoint, although the structures of the outer atoms are more conserved than those of the inner atoms.
Sequence alignment of conserved catalytic domains show that cyanobacterial STKs contain nearly the same subdomains as eukaryotic STKs but seem to be more conserved except in subdomain I. Eukaryotic STK proteins shared 12 nearly identical residues.
Protein coding sequences of PK genes are evolutionarily more conserved than coding sequences of other genes (Table 2), which is likely due to tighter purifying selection on catalytic kinase domains.
The more conserved it is, the darker blue it shows.
Detailed analysis of the structure revealed an unusual replacement of the conserved catalytic Cys with Gly.
