Various membrane models were used in the experiment, from the simple one-lipid DPPC membrane, thorough more complicated membranes of liposomes formed of a mixture egg-PC plus lipids extracted from erythrocytes, up to the most complicated model membrane which is the erythrocyte ghost.
Gough argued against constructing a false dichotomy out of the short story and the novel, suggesting that "the relationship is much more complicated and interesting, and the membrane between them more permeable".
As often happens in HIV-1 research, our efforts to test two relatively simple models for CTT topology have indicated the need to consider more complicated and dynamic models of CTT membrane topology.
Their results suggest that the membrane protein insertion/folding process is more complicated than commonly depicted in the sequential-insertion scheme.
However, the dynamics of the membrane potential appeared to be far more complicated than mere damped or limit cycle oscillations even in the absence of oscillatory hair bundles [16].
However, only a fraction of the GPCRs have experimental structures (Venkatakrishnan et al. 2013), because the structural resolution of membrane proteins like GPCRs is much more complicated and difficult to elucidate than global proteins such as enzymes.
It also provides a framework for future efforts to understanding flexibility of more complicated macromolecular complexes and their bindings (or interactions) with cellular membrane components.
Accordingly, in this revision, we have added a slightly more complicated alternative model in which Cdr2 is modified on the membrane, and then may diffuse through the cytoplasm to arrive at the nodes.
Given the membrane barrier, ERAD-L ubiquitylation is likely much more complicated than typical ubiquitylation carried out by a normal E2 E3 pair.
Many fundamental questions remain unanswered about this complex and important biological process, particularly regarding the folding of more complicated systems such as multi-domain proteins, folding in the cellular milieu and membrane protein folding [40 44].
