By contrast, transcriptional activation is more complicated as there are at least three distinct mechanisms for it in bacteria (Ptashne & Gann, 2002).
However, making the situation more complicated, ubiquitination does not always provide activation signal for IFN induction.
This suggests that the long held paradigm that coordinated maturation and migration of peripheral DC to the lymph node is required for T cell activation may be more complicated than first described.
This is consistent with the previous evidence suggesting that ARF-mediated activation of p53 is more complicated than the simple ARF-Mdm2-p53 model.
As an extension of the real-valued neural networks, the complex-valued system with complex-valued states, activation functions and connection weights possesses more complicated and abundant properties than real-valued one.
Different conclusions might be obtained when using larger networks with more complicated feedback, or when information is available regarding the order of firing of different activation rules.
However, transcriptional regulation by the Hippo pathway in Drosophila might be more complicated than that in mammals as suggested by the absence of the potent YAP transcriptional activation domain in Yki.
Recently, a more complicated picture, which involves nuclear organization, chromatin structure and non-coding RNAs, is emerging for enhancer activation.
However, the situation under this scenario is more complicated because f3 or f4 also restore the inactive form of p47phox or Rac1GDP, which might need additional activation signals.
More complicated, complex, difficult.
