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Early work sought to identify the simple substances namely, the elements that are the constituents of all more complex substances.
Elements can combine with one another to form a wide variety of more complex substances called compounds.
Porous materials like MOFs have a sponge-like chemical structure with microscopic spaces that can selectively trap molecules, from gases hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, water to more complex substances, such as drugs and enzymes.
Spotting more complex substances was almost impossible because their rotational energy is scattered by their numerous bonds across a wide range of frequencies.ALMA, by contrast, can detect such things routinely.
Heterotrophs, on the other hand, require a source of more complex substances, such as monosaccharides and amino acids, to produce these complex molecules.
It might be assumed that on prebiotic Earth, abiotic "metabolism" existed, through which organic substances became synthesized, activated, combined in more complex substances and structures, fell apart, and appeared again.
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HDL is turning out to be a much more complex substance than we once believed.
Wine is a more complex substance than one might think, and, above two thousand metres, and at close to zero degrees centigrade, it displays interesting behavioral anomalies.
Even more compelling was the fact that these compounds seemed to have broken off even bigger, more complex "macromolecules" — substances found on Earth in coal, black shale and other ancient organic remains.
In the Metaphysics \(Z\), a more complex doctrine of substance, that which \ is\), is worked out.
The conceptual underpinning to the era's alchemical fixation was the idea of matter as hierarchical and particulate — that tiny, indivisible and semipermanent particles come together to form ever more complex and increasingly porous substances, a notion not so different from the reality revealed by 20th-century molecular biology and quantum physics.
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