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The facile activation of ammonia by 1 encouraged us to explore its reactivity towards other more challenging substrates.
Oligosaccharides are more challenging substrates than monosaccharides for microorganisms, because assimilation of oligosaccharides may require additional hydrolytic enzymes and transportation systems.
Reaction of 2′,3′- O-isopropylideneinosine with Boc-protected sulfamide provided the coupled product in 70 % yield (entry 14) highlighting the utility of the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction with more challenging substrates.[ 14] Integration of the phosphine and azocarboxylate catalytic cycles would provide the first fully catalytic Mitsunobu reaction.
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In contrast, allylic-substituted olefins represent a more challenging class of substrates for Z-selective cross metathesis.
The reduction of iodides 17 a and 19 a have been similarly effected by a number of organic donors, 7, 10, 32 including A, Ba, and Ca, so more challenging aryl halide substrates were also investigated.
The more challenging characterization on semisynthetic protein substrates and reconstituted nucleosomes revealed that our peptide-level work reliably approximated the solution-phase in vitro outcomes.
Model II and Model III with vesicle-transport of substrate are probably much more challenging to verify since one then needs to construct the in vitro equivalent of microtubules.
This simulated database thus contains 27 known nonsubstrates among 550 known or putative substrates among 550 known or putative substrates; that is, the nonsubstrates ratio is less than 0.05, representing a more challenging set to assess the enrichment ability of our models.
A full understanding of the activity and mechanism of the NuRD complex will require more challenging structural studies of the intact complex and how it interacts with its chromatin substrate.
Lastly, in the procedure called stacco a massello, the least intrusive to the fresco but more challenging transfer procedure due to mass and weight, the wall painting is removed with its entire original substrate.
This has, perhaps, been more challenging than expected and one explanation for this is that Cifs may be highly specific for their in vivo substrate.
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