For example, tumors with a high cellular density possess more cellular membranes per volume unit, which impedes the mobility of water molecules and restricts diffusion.
With this technique, altered diffusion in cells and tissues can be detected as it may appear in malignant tumours bearing high cellular density with more cellular membranes per volume unit, impeding the mobility of water molecules and restricting diffusion [ 32].
A second important "invention" is a less protective but more communicative cellular membrane which got reduced to a simple lipid bilayer stabilized by a flexible and controllable actin cortex instead of passive two bilayers (biderm) or one bilayer plus a rigid cell wall (monoderm).
The increase in RWC as a result of OMF compost application reflected more stable cellular membranes, and therefore the leakage of ions from cells reduced significantly under salinity stress.
It is essential to identify more immunogenic antigens (especially cellular membrane markers) for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
Because both DsRed and J-DsRed recombinant proteins could not penetrate into cells, it is suggested that the J-domain could help cell-penetrating peptides PTD and DPV3A as well as their cargo to penetrate through the cellular membrane more effectively.
Obviously, a more rigid bound peptide would imply a stronger constraint to the longitudinal and transversal fluctuations of the bound lipids in a peptide-bound leaflet, leading a more significant stress concentration to occur at the edge of the peptide-bound leaflet, and further making the peptide-bound leaflet be torn more easily away from the cellular membrane.
Anchoring by cholesterol moieties in cellular membrane caused more efficient drug accumulation in cancer cells.
In conclusion, we propose the model depicted in Figure 9, where, during the day, in dorsal SCN, there would be more NKCC1 transporters in the cellular membrane of the SCN neuron that increase [Cl−]i.
In contrast to inorganic species, organic mercury is lipophilic and more readily crosses cellular membranes, but it may demethylate intracellularly to inorganic mercury (Clarkson and Magos 2006), which may ultimately be more immunotoxic.
