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When compared to healthy animals, more bone resorption and diminished bone remodeling were observed in diabetic animals in all studies.
When compared to healthy animals, more bone resorption and diminished bone remodeling were observed in diabetic animals in all studies [15 17, 20 22].
The results in the prospective study of Gomez-Moreno [14] show that elevated HbA1c causes more bone resorption after 3 years, but this effect is not significant.
Indeed, alterations in inflammatory markers such as collagen type I (col-I), metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) suggest that DM may increase inflammatory processes in the periodontium leading to more bone resorption [21].
Another study showed that Goto-Kakizaki rats, a strain genetically prone to the development of type II diabetes, presented more bone resorption than Wistar rats even without the induction of periodontal disease [25].
However, we found that H+-ATPase was slightly upregulated, indicating more bone resorption.
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To determine whether the increased number of macrophages, including osteoclasts leads to more active bone resorption, the phenotype of bone from IL-34 injected mice was studied by micro-CT.
We found that the addition of CM obtained from MDA-MB-231 cells after IL-8 treatment to pre-OC cultures led to the increased number and size of OCs and to a more pronounced bone resorption.
These data suggest that SPTH (more specific) and high bone resorption (more sensitive) may be useful indicators of CVD (if previously not diagnosed).
However, obviously increased new bone tissue in osteoarthritic samples implied that bone formation was more active than bone resorption.
Accordingly, ACPA-positive RA patients show more pronounced trabecular bone resorption at the distal radius compared to seronegative patients independent of disease duration, activity, and treatments [ 47].
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