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In light of the relatively small sample size, alternative approaches such as IRT modelling with latent regression could have yielded more biased estimates.
There is evidence to suggest that unequal intervals between TD lead to more biased estimates than equidistant records [ 27].
It was shown that when censoring is moderate, the Cox model yielded more biased estimates of treatment effect than analysis with the exponential model.
In general, models 3 and 4 would give more biased estimates, compared to models 1 or 2 although the difference was small.
We note that SNPs may provide more biased estimates of long-term Ne than faster evolving markers such as microsatellites, because they are likely to be more affected by mutation-drift deviations [ 45].
Given the above considerations, it is tempting to assume that all health effect estimates based on ambient or residential outdoor PM2.5 concentrations would be considerably larger if they were instead based on personal PM2.5 exposures, but to do so would yield more biased estimates if the original PM2.5 disease associations were spurious due to chance or confounding (Armstrong 1998).
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In particular, if family influences or "background" common to both siblings or twins are relatively important in determining schooling, then the remaining within-family differences can be more reflective of ability differences to which schooling responds, in which case the within-family estimate of the return to schooling can be more biased than estimates using across-family variation.
If this assumption does not hold, it may potentially lead to worse or more biased effectiveness estimates.
In our view, the key issue is whether the identifying assumptions entailed by ADR's and DLR's use of local controls lead to more biased or less biased estimates of the employment effect of minimum wages.
Parameter estimation using 2000 simulated datasets reveals that the proposed method provides more precise and less biased estimates, especially for small data sets.
The matched data that may have a smaller sample size will, however, produce more valid (or less biased) estimates than do the original data.
Related(20)
more biased predictions
more robust estimates
more sober estimates
more informative estimates
more direct estimates
more persuasive estimates
more specific estimates
more generous estimates
more realistic estimates
more precise estimates
more biased upwards
more recent estimates
more worrying estimates
more complicated estimates
more conservative estimates
more accurate estimates
more reliable estimates
more efficient estimates
more modest estimates
more biased genes
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