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Students responded to questions such as, "Is it possible to have support for a more basal clade if a more recent clade is not supported?
The two "circumdehiscent" species Cymbaeremaeus cymba and Ametroproctus lamellatus form a well supported more basal clade, rendering the "Circumdehiscentiae with wrinkled nymphs" paraphyletic.
According to our study, high polyploidization events (6x, 8x) arose independently in the more basal clade V. castrilensis– V. lucentina, where extant diploid species are unknown, and for which ploidy level and altitude do not appear to be related as previously suggested (Gómez-Campo 1981).
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Analyses incorporating other placental mammalian clades, particularly the more basal clades Afrotheria and Xenarthra, are necessary to establish its applicability to all placental mammals.
Unfortunately no genomes from multicellular species in more basal clades are available at present.
As expected, the addition of the aurochs genome has little impact on the estimated TMRCAs for the more basal clades.
Genetic studies also indicate that populations from the region often contain, but not exclusively, representatives of the more basal clades of mitochondrial and Y-chromosome phylogenies.
Xenurobrycon and Tyttocharax (tribe Xenurobryconini), appear as more basal clades within clade 79 while Planaltina (tribe Diapomini) appears as more derived but not closely related to the remaining analyzed species of the Stevardiinae, sensu Weitzman et al. [ 20].
However, a majority of the sub-clades (both terminal and more basal clades) have higher diversification rates than the background rate for the Furnariidae at both low and intermediate extinction rates.
There are eleven CslAs and six CslCs (data not shown), which represent the more basal clades of this superfamily, together with five CslD, two CslE, seven CslF, two CslH and two CslJ genes (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
However, as several sub-clades (both terminal and more basal clades) have higher diversification rates than the background rate for the Furnariidae, the observed high diversification for the synallaxines is not driven by a particular sub-clade nested within the synallaxines.
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