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Lower GNP concentration promoted more apatite formation.
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Solutions containing BG nanoparticles were slightly more alkaline than HA and SiHA, suggesting that a more rapid apatite formation on BG was related to solution-mediated dissolution.
Secondly, the surface microstructure had an impact on the bioactivity of biomaterials [ 34], while in our experiment, the NMBG particles attached on the pore walls increased the surface roughness of the scaffolds, which might offer more nucleation sites for apatite formation than PLGA/CS and pure CS scaffolds.
In our hands, preliminary experiments done with purified proteins indicate that albumin and, even more noticeably, fetuin-A inhibit apatite formation in the presence of excess calcium phosphate (e.g. at supersaturating concentrations) but this inhibition is only transient and it is followed by subsequent mineral precipitation [2].
The study showed that the Zr incorporation in the MBGs scaffolds enhanced the compressive strength, decreased the dissolution, maintained a more stable pH environment, and kept the apatite formation ability.
The mechanism of apatite formation is suggested.
In this study, formation of apatite and calcium phosphates on ceramic nanobiomaterial was assessed and the relationship between apatite formation and bioactivity of nanobiomaterial was identified.
This increased apatite formation resulted in a lower contact angle.
Conversely, CaCl2 treated samples allowed apatite formation after heat treatment.
ACP act as an important intermediate product for in vitro and in vivo apatite formation.
Calcium silicate (CS) cements have excellent bioactivity and can induce the bone-like apatite formation.
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