More ancient populations are clustered within clade II (Lineage Ie, "Sabinos-Aguanaval-Mezquital"), including cave populations from the Sabinos cluster, comprising Curva, Tinaja, Sabinos, and Piedras.
The larger the BLS value, the more ancient the gene cluster.
Incomplete lineage sorting of mitochondrial DNA could be a possible explanation of such discrepancies, but then Rungwecebus would be expected to cluster with more ancient baboon lineages and not specifically with geographically-adjacent baboon haplotypes.
Of the 16 more "ancient" or "atypical" Beijing strains 7 strains clustered in 3 different IS6110 RFLP clusters, while 21 of the 54 "modern" strains clustered in 7 different RFLP clusters.
However, although common outliers among the Iceland and Nuuk inshore clusters indicate footprints of more ancient selection, previous inter-disciplinary analysis has, as mentioned, suggested that Greenlandic cod only split from Iceland after the last glacial maximum (Bigg et al. 2008).
The strong correlation between dS and dN observed in Figure 3 may indicate that the formation of the different lineages may be of a more ancient origin since both dN and dS based cluster analyses resulted in cluster groups completely congruent with the established E. coli phylogroups [ 24].
In-paralogues and out-paralogues that are separated by a recent duplication event will normally be clustered into a OrthoMCL group that may represent a gene/protein family, whereas more ancient duplications are more likely to result in separate clusters [ 68].
Based on analysis of the evolutionary history of agrin we suggest that agrin's growth factor binding function is more ancient than its involvement in acetylcholine receptor clustering.
Synteny and sequence similarity among flagellar genes of delta-Proteobacteria suggest that the flagellar gene cluster in A. dehalogenans strain 2CP-C is more ancient than the splitting of the myxobacteria from the Desulfuromonadales, and that this gene cluster was not acquired by HGT.
