Tumour expression of thrombin pathway markers are increased in the oestrogen receptor negative (ER-), high Ki67, more aggressive breast cancer subtypes.
Recently, increased expression of GNA13 has been found in several types of malignancies, especially in more aggressive breast and prostate cancer.
Previous data suggested that GNA13 was significantly upregulated in more aggressive breast cancer cells, and elevated GNA13 expression might be used as a potential marker for breast cancer progression16.
The previous studies indicated that PCBs were correlated with more aggressive breast cancers, and might promote tumor progression [9], [10], [11].
Tn levels are consistently higher in higher grade, more aggressive breast tumours.
Together, this data suggests 53BP1 loss is more frequent in more aggressive breast cancers.
These data indicate that EMT preferentially occurs in more aggressive breast tumours of the basal phenotype.
Elevated expression of CCND1 was commonly associated with a more aggressive breast disease phenotype and an adverse patient outcome [ 37].
A similar relationship appears to hold between black women and the increased incidence of more aggressive breast cancer.
Increased levels of HuR have been associated with a more aggressive breast cancer and a worse prognosis [ 36- 38].
Bos et al. (2001, 2003) reported that HIF-1α overexpression was associated with more aggressive breast cancer.
