A high violence index (4 or more affirmative responses) was representative of 8.47% of the freshman and sophomores across cities.
Proxy-completed responses had proportionally more affirmative responses to the depression-screening questions compared to self-completed responses.
(yes, no) Using established conventions (13), we classified a total of two or more affirmative responses as food insecure.
Following standard scoring (3, 21), a participant who indicated three or more affirmative responses for his or her household was food insecure, as opposed to food secure.
Food security is defined as 0 2 affirmative responses; low food security as 3 7 affirmative responses; and very low food security as 8 or more affirmative responses to the questionnaire [ 18].
The Reid screen consists of 17 items including poverty, unemployment, single head of household, substance abuse, psychiatric care or late prenatal care with a positive Reid screen score being 3 or more affirmative responses.
Using the established scoring system (6), responses on the food security items were converted to either food secure (zero to two affirmative responses, categorized as "food secure" or "marginally food secure") or food insecure (three or more affirmative responses, "low food security" or "very low food security" categories).
Participants were included if they had a positive HIV antibody test (ELISA, confirmed by Western blot), had two or more affirmative responses to the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye opener) alcohol screening questionnaire [ 10] or by physician-investigator diagnosis of alcoholism, spoke English or Spanish, and had at least one contact person likely to know the participant's whereabouts.
The more affirmative the answer to a question in the questionnaire (in the case of smoking, the more affirmative answer being "no"), the more likely the person was to choose the prepayment scheme; i.e., the higher the odds ratio.
