Despite pronounced temporal variation in abundance of most tropical bat species, power simulations suggest that long-term monitoring programs (⩾20 years) can detect population trends of 5% per year or more with adequate statistical power (⩾0.9).
This study reflects common clinical practice across the U.S. and provides for more than adequate statistical power and information to adjust for potential confounders.
Following Cohen's 0.80 cut-off criterion of statistical power, our study seems to have more than adequate statistical power to detect moderate and large effects, while our regression models for the subgroups have a weak statistical power to detect small effects.
The Edgeworth's type A Gram Charlier series expansion was found to be more adequate in describing the statistical properties of the winds.
These analyses showed that with use of a crossover study design, a sample size of 19 or more evaluable patients has adequate statistical power (≥0.8) to detect fairly large but clinically meaningful changes in oxaliplatin pharmacokinetics (≥25%), EMG motor nerve hyperexcitability score (≥40%) and in the frequency of cold-induced paresthesia (≥38%), with statistical significance (≤0.05).
Furthermore, the results emphasise the fact that there are complex social and demographic processes operating in under-five mortality which can be more clearly understood using adequate statistical modelling which analyses the outcome of mortality beyond the individual child's risk factors and which incorporates distal factors such as the area where the child lives at the time of the survey.
Our analysis is unlikely to suffer from type 2 errors, because our data set compared 154 codons, more than the 50 100 necessary for adequate statistical power (Anisimova et al. 2001), and at least 10 taxa with a sequence divergence (dS) of 2.45 3.06, more than the minimum requirement of 4 5 species and a summed dS over all branches on the tree of >0.5 (PAML v4.2).
We could not evaluate the effects on hospitalisation or other severe asthma exacerbations, since the incidence of these outcomes in our UCAN population is very low (see online supplement for more information and additional references), precluding adequate statistical power to detect a difference.
It appears that more subjects should be included in order to achieve adequate statistical power.
Our future studies will include improving the statistical framework shown here, to be more adequate for increasingly multiple high-dimensional datasets (such as -omics datasets).
